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ProtocolCodes
221
SMTP

221 Closing Connection

The server is closing the transmission channel. This is the normal response to the QUIT command, indicating a graceful end to the SMTP session.

On this page

When You See This Code

After sending the QUIT command at the end of a mail session. The server acknowledges the disconnect and the TCP connection will be closed.

How to Fix

No fix needed — this is the expected response when ending an SMTP session. If you see this unexpectedly, the server may be shutting down or timing out idle connections.

Specification

View RFC / Specification →

Compare With

211 System Status 214 Help Message 220 Service Ready 235 Authentication Successful 250 OK 251 User Not Local 252 Cannot Verify User 334 Server Challenge 354 Start Mail Input 421 Service Not Available 450 Mailbox Unavailable 451 Local Error

Guides

Debugging SMTP Delivery Failures: 4xx Temporary vs 5xx Permanent Debugging & Troubleshooting
SMTP Reply Codes: What Your Email Server Is Telling You Email Delivery
Improving Email Deliverability: SPF, DKIM, and DMARC Setup Email Delivery
Diagnosing Email Bounces: Soft (4xx) vs Hard (5xx) Email Delivery
SMTP Authentication Methods Explained Email Delivery
Email Header Analysis: Tracing Delivery Path Email Delivery
Bulk Email Delivery: Avoiding the Spam Folder Email Delivery
DMARC Reporting: Analyzing Aggregate and Forensic Reports Email Delivery
IP Warming for Email: Building Sender Reputation from Scratch Email Delivery
Email Feedback Loops (FBL): Processing Spam Complaints Email Delivery
Transactional Email Best Practices: Receipts, Alerts, and Password Resets Email Delivery
DNS Record Types Explained: A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, and Beyond DNS & Networking
TCP Three-Way Handshake and Connection Lifecycle DNS & Networking
RFC 5321: SMTP Protocol Deep Dive Protocol Deep Dives
RFC 959: FTP Protocol Deep Dive Protocol Deep Dives
TLS 1.3: Faster, Simpler, More Secure Protocol Deep Dives

Glossary

Status Code Media Type (MIME Type) TLS Handshake TLS Certificate (SSL Certificate) Cipher Suite Authentication TCP/IP Three-Way Handshake Port Number Firewall IPv6 Exponential Backoff Error Code Mapping Poison Message Request-Response Model RFC (Request for Comments) IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) Message Framing Connection-Oriented Text vs Binary Protocol MX Record PTR Record SMTP Relay SPF, DKIM, and DMARC Bounce Rate (Email) Email Deliverability MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) SMTP Pipelining Greylisting Backscatter Envelope vs Header STARTTLS SMTP Authentication (SMTP AUTH) Open Relay Email Queue MIME Multipart ARC (Authenticated Received Chain) BIMI (Brand Indicators for Message Identification) DSN (Delivery Status Notification) Email Header Injection SMTP Enhanced Status Codes MDN (Message Disposition Notification) MIME Type TLS Versions TLS 1.3 Certificate Authority (CA) Forward Secrecy (PFS) SNI (Server Name Indication) TLS Session Resumption Key Exchange PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)

Frequently Asked Questions

What is SMTP 221 Closing Connection?

The server is closing the transmission channel. This is the normal response to the QUIT command, indicating a graceful end to the SMTP session.

When do you see SMTP 221 Closing Connection?

After sending the QUIT command at the end of a mail session. The server acknowledges the disconnect and the TCP connection will be closed.

How to fix SMTP 221 Closing Connection?

No fix needed — this is the expected response when ending an SMTP session. If you see this unexpectedly, the server may be shutting down or timing out idle connections.