SMTP 421 Service Not Available vs 451 Local Error
Both SMTP 421 (Service Not Available) and 451 (Local Error) belong to the 4xx Transient Negative category. 421 indicates that the SMTP service is not available and the server is closing the transmission channel. This may be sent as a greeting or during a session if the server needs to shut down. Meanwhile, 451 means that the requested action was aborted due to a local error in processing. The server encountered an internal issue that prevented it from completing the command.
Описание
The SMTP service is not available and the server is closing the transmission channel. This may be sent as a greeting or during a session if the server needs to shut down.
Когда вы это видите
When connecting to a mail server that is overloaded, undergoing maintenance, or shutting down. The server cannot handle your request right now.
Как исправить
Retry the connection after a delay. If the issue persists, check server status and resources (CPU, memory, disk). Rate limiting or greylisting may also trigger this response.
Описание
The requested action was aborted due to a local error in processing. The server encountered an internal issue that prevented it from completing the command.
Когда вы это видите
When the receiving server hits an internal error such as a database failure, DNS lookup timeout, or anti-spam filter processing error.
Как исправить
Retry the message later. If you control the server, check its logs for the specific error — common causes include DNS resolution failures, disk I/O errors, or database connectivity issues.
Ключевые различия
SMTP 421: The SMTP service is not available and the server is closing the transmission channel. This may be sent as a greeting or during a session if the server needs to shut down.
SMTP 451: The requested action was aborted due to a local error in processing. The server encountered an internal issue that prevented it from completing the command.
You encounter 421 when when connecting to a mail server that is overloaded, undergoing maintenance, or shutting down. The server cannot handle your request right now.
You encounter 451 when when the receiving server hits an internal error such as a database failure, DNS lookup timeout, or anti-spam filter processing error.
Когда что использовать
For 421 (Service Not Available): Retry the connection after a delay. If the issue persists, check server status and resources (CPU, memory, disk). Rate limiting or greylisting may also trigger this response. For 451 (Local Error): Retry the message later. If you control the server, check its logs for the specific error — common causes include DNS resolution failures, disk I/O errors, or database connectivity issues.