DNS 2 SERVFAIL vs 18 BADTIME
Both DNS 2 (SERVFAIL) and 18 (BADTIME) belong to the DNS Response Codes (RCODEs) category. 2 indicates that server failure. The name server encountered an internal error while processing the query. Meanwhile, 18 means that signature out of time window. The TSIG signature timestamp is outside the allowed clock skew, indicating a time synchronization issue.
Описание
Server failure. The name server encountered an internal error while processing the query.
Когда вы это видите
The recursive resolver could not get an authoritative answer — commonly caused by DNSSEC validation failures, unreachable upstream nameservers, or misconfigured zones.
Как исправить
Try a different resolver (e.g., 8.8.8.8 or 1.1.1.1) to isolate the issue. If you control the zone, check DNSSEC signatures, SOA serial consistency, and nameserver reachability.
Описание
Signature out of time window. The TSIG signature timestamp is outside the allowed clock skew, indicating a time synchronization issue.
Когда вы это видите
The clocks on the DNS client and server are too far apart (usually more than 5 minutes), causing TSIG signature validation to fail.
Как исправить
Synchronize clocks on both machines using NTP. Check that the TSIG fudge value (allowed skew) is reasonable — the default 300 seconds is usually sufficient.
Ключевые различия
DNS 2: Server failure. The name server encountered an internal error while processing the query.
DNS 18: Signature out of time window. The TSIG signature timestamp is outside the allowed clock skew, indicating a time synchronization issue.
You encounter 2 when the recursive resolver could not get an authoritative answer — commonly caused by DNSSEC validation failures, unreachable upstream nameservers, or misconfigured zones.
You encounter 18 when the clocks on the DNS client and server are too far apart (usually more than 5 minutes), causing TSIG signature validation to fail.
Когда что использовать
For 2 (SERVFAIL): Try a different resolver (e.g., 8.8.8.8 or 1.1.1.1) to isolate the issue. If you control the zone, check DNSSEC signatures, SOA serial consistency, and nameserver reachability. For 18 (BADTIME): Synchronize clocks on both machines using NTP. Check that the TSIG fudge value (allowed skew) is reasonable — the default 300 seconds is usually sufficient.