DNS Lookup
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The process of querying DNS servers to translate a hostname into an IP address before a TCP connection can be established. A full recursive lookup travels from the OS resolver to a recursive resolver, then to authoritative root, TLD, and zone name servers. DNS lookup adds measurable latency to the first connection to any new hostname — mitigated by DNS caching based on TTL values, OS-level caching, and browser preconnect hints.
Related Protocols
Mentioned in Guides
HTTP Request Lifecycle: From URL to Response
HTTP Fundamentals
DNS TTL: How to Set TTL Values and Avoid Propagation Delays
DNS & Networking
Essential Network Debugging Tools: ping, traceroute, mtr, and tcpdump
DNS & Networking
Resource Hints: Preload, Prefetch, Preconnect, and DNS-Prefetch
Performance & Optimization